Beam steering in planar photonic crystal based on its anomalous dispersive properties     

MAZILU M.  GALLET J.F.  KRAUSS T.F. 《浙江大学学报(A卷英文版)》2006,7(1):45-54

INTRODUCTION Photonic crystals (PhCs) are increasingly at- tracting attention due to their ability of controlling light propagation on a wavelength scale, by which a fascinating platform for a new generation of inte- grated optical devices and components can be pro- vided. Many studies on PhCs however, focused on new means of tailoring the emission and propagation of light using the photonic band gap (PBG) property whereby the photon density of states is zero. A PhC with a full PBG re…  相似文献   

Staff Relations During the Teachers' Industrial Action: context,conflict and proletarianisation     

Stephen J. Ball 《British Journal of Sociology of Education》1988,9(3):289-306

Despite the considerable media time devoted to the teachers’ industrial dispute in England and Wales during 1985‐86 little or no effort was made to represent the conduct of the dispute in particular schools or through the experiences of individual teachers. The impression conveyed was of a uniform type of ‘action’ and similar effects in different schools, although some were reported as being ‘harder hit’ than others, that is more days on strike. In reality, although related to a set of general conditions affecting teachers’ work, the dispute was enacted and experienced very differently in different schools and localities. The conduct of the dispute in particular schools emerged from and was related to a variety of ‘local’ factors. In this paper some of these institutional variations are examined.

The paper consists of two sections. The first attempts to describe and analyse recent structural changes affecting the conditions of work of teaching and thus provide a context for the 1985‐86 industrial action in schools. The second section explores teachers’ interpretations of and involvements in the industrial action in particular schools. The data on which the paper is based were collected as part of a more general research study on school organisation and micro‐politics.  相似文献   

Developmental dyslexia: Is it different from other forms of reading disability?     

P. G. Aaron 《Annals of dyslexia》1987,37(1):109-125

A controversy whether developmental dyslexia is qualitatively different from other forms of reading disability has existed among reading specialists for many years. In the present study, the hypothesis that the etiology of dyslexia is different from that of other forms of reading disability because of differences in the components that malfunction was tested. A number of studies have shown that the two components that contribute to a large proportion of variance in reading are decoding and comprehension. It is, therefore, possible that a breakdown of different components could lead to different forms of disabilities. College students who were poor readers were assigned to two groups on the basis of their IQ. Conforming to the traditional criterion of dyslexia, those who had an IQ of 95 and above were considered as dyslexic. Those who had an IQ of 85 or below were placed in the Nonspecific Reading-Disabled group. These two groups of poor readers and a group of normal readers were administered a large number of reading-related tests. It was found that the two reading-disabled groups differed from each other in six of the seven areas assessed. There was very little overlap of scores between the two groups in these areas. The results were interpreted to suggest that poor decoding skill is the etiology of developmental dyslexia and that it differs from other forms of reading disability which are caused by generalized cognitive deficits.  相似文献   

论计算机软件最终用户的法律责任   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

关永宏  熊雪 《山西师大学报(社会科学版)》2006,33(6):22-25

软件最终用户问题是科技发展给著作权领域带来的一个挑战。为了协调软件著作权人与最终用户之间的利益平衡,构建和谐的软件使用秩序,应当追究最终用户使用侵权软件的法律责任。而解决软件最终用户问题的理论依据应为“拟制说”,而不是“复制说”。在界定软件侵权时,应区分营利单位、政府机关、公益单位和个人,应区分在业务上使用和私人使用,还应区分善意用户和恶意用户,根据不同的情况令使用盗版软件的最终用户受到不同的法律待遇。  相似文献   

WEB日志挖掘在个性化网络教育中的应用   总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13  

黄茜 《现代教育技术》2004,14(5):52-55

本文介绍了Web日志挖掘的基本概念和过程,通过对学习者在网络教育中留下的日志信息进行挖掘,以实现个性化的网络教育,更好的满足不同类别学习者的需求。  相似文献   

谈公文写作教学改革发展的方向     

董雪明  徐新民 《赣南师范学院学报》2002,(5):138-139

提高高校公文写作教学质量的出路在于公文写作教学改革 ,而公文写作教学改革的关键在于不断地丰富和完善公文写作的教学内容。改革传统、单一的教学方法 ,采取有效的现代化教学手段 ,让公文写作教学生动活泼  相似文献   

A follow-up study of students using portable computers at a secondary school   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Dr. C. Paul Newhouse 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》2001,32(2):209-219

This paper reports on the findings of a 1999 study that set out to investigate the current perceptions of students and teachers towards the use of portable computers at a secondary school. The aim was to compare these with the findings of a 1995 study carried out by the researcher at the same school. Data were collected from 102 Year Twelve students (17 year old), 104 Year Eight students (13 year old) and 40 teachers. The results indicated that for the Year Twelve students the computers had been of limited value while the Year Eight students appeared to be divided with about a quarter indicating negative attitudes. For the younger students the computers appeared to be used more often and for a greater range of tasks. Many teachers indicated concerns about the management of computers in the classroom and linking computer use to learning outcomes. These perceptions underline the need for targeted professional development, systematic support for the development of student computer-related skills, and changes in the curriculum towards more learner-centred approaches.  相似文献   

Intercollegiate Athletes and Effective Educational Practices: Winning Combination or Losing Effort?     

Paul D. Umbach  Megan M. Palmer  George D. Kuh  Stephanie J. Hannah 《Research in higher education》2006,47(6):709-733

Scrutiny of intercollegiate athletics has intensified in recent years. This study compares student-athletes with those of non-athletes in terms of their engagement in effective educational practices. Contrary to many reports in the popular media, the findings from this study indicate that, on balance, student-athletes across a large number of colleges and universities do not differ greatly from their peers in terms of their participation in effective educational practices. In most instances, when differences do exist, they favor athletes.  相似文献   

Privatisation,Decentralisation and Education in the United Kingdom: The Role of the State   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

David?TurnerEmail author 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》2004,50(3-4):347-357

Since the early 1950s, the axis centralisation–decentralisation, especially as thematised in the work of Isaac Kandel, has represented a major focus of comparative studies in education. Kandel argued that issues relating to the internal conduct of the classroom (interna) should, so far as possible, be decentralised, while issues relating to administration, school structure and organisation of the educational system (externa) might safely be centralised. After 1988, successive governments in the United Kingdom have undertaken reforms which have placed more central control on the curriculum and even methods of teaching (interna), while school finance and administration (externa) have been devolved to the school level. The present essay argues that a simplistic approach to centralisation and decentralisation is not likely to be fruitful. Instead, we should acknowledge the role of the State in creating a permissive framework for educational systems. Local action can then be seen as part of a policy accommodating or resisting the implications of that framework.  相似文献   

Relationship of reading fluency assessment data with state accountability test scores: A longitudinal comparison of grade levels     

Benjamin Silberglitt  Matthew K. Burns  Na'im H. Madyun  Kathryn E. Lail 《Psychology in the schools》2006,43(5):527-535

The No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 mandated statewide accountability testing and focused the accountability conversation on reading. Therefore, the current study examined the relationship between curriculum‐based measurement for reading (R‐CBM) and state accountability test scores, potential grade differences in relationship magnitude, and differences in relationship magnitude among R‐CBM and Maze as they compare to state test scores. Data for 5,472 students in Grades 3, 5, 7, and 8 were correlated and resulted in corrected coefficients that ranged from .51 (eighth graders) to .71 (third graders) for R‐CBM and .49 (eighth graders) to .54 (seventh graders) for Maze. The coefficients between R‐CBM and state test scores were significantly larger for third and fifth graders than those for eighth graders. No significant differences in magnitude were found between the correlation coefficients for state test scores to R‐CBM and to Maze among seventh or eighth graders. Potential implications and suggestions for future research are included. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 43: 527–535, 2006.  相似文献